Infotehnoloogia - ja kommunikatsioonitehnoloogia ühiskond. Teise grupi materjal.

http://www.opensource.bda.lv/files/EE/Moodul1_ICT_est.pdf

Operatsioonisüsteemid 1/12/2014

An operating SOFTWARE (OS) is software that manages computer hardware and software rescources and provides common services for computer program users. The OS is essential component of the system software in a computer system.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_system

Examples of popular modern operating systems include Android, BSD, iOS, Linux, OS X, QNX, Microsoft Windows,^[3] Windows Phone, and IBM z/OS. All these examples, except Windows, Windows Phone and z/OS, share roots in UNIX.

Kaks põhilist:
Windows OS (põlvneb DOS)
UNIX-like OS 

http://www.w3schools.com/browsers/browsers_os.asp
www.williamstallings.com
 http://www.williamstallings.com/OperatingSystems/
http://www.netmarketshare.com/operating-system-market-share.aspx?qprid=10&qpcustomd=0

Android - mobile operating system, based on the Linux kernel and currently developed by Google.
iOS -  (previously iPhone OS) is a mobile operating system developed by Apple Inc. and distributed exclusively for Apple hardware. It is the operating system that powers many of the company's iDevices.
Microsoft Windows - (WP) is a smartphone operating system developed by Microsoft.
OS X Yosemite uus OS
QNX -  is a commercial Unix-like real-time operating system, aimed primarily at the embedded systems market. reaalaja OS. Mõeldud embedded systemsitele - seadmetele nt telefonile, autole süsteemiks sisse,  is microkernel based (väikese tuumaga, vähese mahuga). Mõeldud reaalajasündmustele kiirelt reageerimiseks.
Microsoft Windows - 8.1 kõige uuem



 Hardware-  Kenel - System Call Interface - UNIX Commands and Libraries AND User-Written Applications
Hardware-  kõik mis kasti sees: on suur trükkplaat(vertikaalselt). CD-ROM pesad, 
Kernel - OS tuum
Teegid - valmis tehtud tarkvara, mis võimaldavad kasutada arvutisüsteeme ilma, et peaksime ise neid ümber  kirjutama.
System Call Interface = API
Protsessoritel on kell ehk taktgeneraator. nt 2,3 gigahertsi on taktsagedus mille järgi tehakse töid. 2,3gHg t=1: 2,3 * 10astmel-9 = 0,4 nanosekundit. 







 
 NT - new technology
FS - filesystem
 OS common features:

• Process management
• Interrupts - protsessori normaalse töö katkemine ja uue töö töötlemise järjekorda võtmine
• Memory management - is the act of managing computer memory.
• File system - is used to control how data is stored and retrieved. NT FS
• Device drivers - is a computer program that operates or controls a particular type of device that is attached to a computer. Kuidas saame oma riistvaratükid tööle.
• Networking - is a telecommunications network that allows computers to exchange data.
• Security - (also known as cybersecurity or IT security) is information security as applied to computing devices such as computers and smartphones, as well as computer networks such as private and public networks, including the whole Internet.
• I / O - In computing, input/output or I/O (or informally, io or IO) is the communication between an information processing system (such as a computer) and the outside world, possibly a human or another information processing system. Inputs are the signals or data received by the system and outputs are the signals or data sent from it.  Ond sisend-ja väljundsüsteem. Seadmete vaheline suhtlus. tööd ja ülesanded on meil teenustena kättesaadavad. 

 KODUS:
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cNN_tTXABUA

10 nanomeetrit = 10000nm
22  = 500 nm
protsessorite kiiruseks on mega flopsid. mega - million floating arvutust ühes sekundis. mflops. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FLOPS
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_Core#Core_i3 mitu flopsi core i3-el?

Kernel

 In computing, the kernel is a computer program that manages input/output requests from software, and translates them into data processing instructions for the central processing unit and other electronic components of a computer. The kernel is a fundamental part of a modern computer's operating system.^[1] Tegeleb sisend väljud päringutega mis tulevad tarkvara poole pealt ja tõlgendab ta need andmetöötluskorraldusteks. CPU. On CPU ettekandja. Abimees memory.

CPU - protsessor

• ALU - aritmeetika - loogika protsessor
• FPU - ujuvkomaarvude protsessor